I just bottled my Summer Ale and everyone's been asking me, "How do you make beer at home?". Well, I took some pictures and I'll go through the process step-by-step with you. The first and most important thing to remember is that Sanitization Is Key. All of your equipment, bottles, and working areas need to be free of any harmful bacteria. You'll be dealing with yeast and fermentable sugars which need a clean environment in order to produce the desired results.
You can start home brewing for about $100 in equipment and as little as $30 in ingredients. A standard starter kit will include a 6.5 gallon food-safe plastic bucket with lid and spigot, tubing for siphoning and bottling, a capping device, a hydrometer, and an airlock (a one-way air valve). Most people choose to pay an additional $20 to receive a 6 gallon glass carboy; it's used for "secondary fermentation" which allows the beer to clarify after sitting in the primary bucket for a week or two.


Left: 6.5 gallon plastic bucket used for primary fermentation and later on for bottling the beer. Right: Highly recommended glass carboy used for secondary fermentation. In this picture we're siphoning the beer back into the plastic bucket in before bottling the Summer Ale.
First-timers will probably want to purchase a pre-assembled ingredients package. You can find basic kits for Pale Ales (Sweetwater 420), Brown Ales (Newcastle), Stouts (Guinness), IPA's, Porters, Wit Beirs, Wheat Ales, the list goes on. The kit will include dried and/or liquid malt extract (malted barley), 1-3 different kinds of hops (in compressed pellet form), an assortment of grains for additional flavor and color, and a magical package of dried beer yeast, specific to the style of beer you're brewing. You'll also find 50 bottle caps and some priming sugar, which is used during bottling.
Apart from all of this equipment, you'll need a large stainless steel pot of at least 14 quarts capacity (ours is 22 quarts b/c we're ballers). Save 50 clean, brown longnecks. They cannot be of the twist off variety because they won't work and they're an inferior way of keeping beer fresh. Also buy some sanitizer at the brew store.
Now, start by cleaning and sanitizing your brew kettle, primary fermenting bucket, and a long metal spoon for stirring the wort (that's what we call the beer as it's boiling). Carefully follow the instructions for your particular beer, but this is the basic procedure: Heat 1-2 gallons of clean water to about 125 degrees Fahrenheit. Pour your grains into a net (came with kit) and steep the grains for about 20 minutes. Remove the grain bag slowly so it can drain out. Dispose of grains (or compost them or give to local farmer). Bring the wort to a boil. Now slowly add in the liquid and/or dried malt extract(s). Be careful! The malted barley will foam up like a mad man. You should pour it in at intervals, and you may find it necessary to temporarily turn off the heat. You must stir constantly to fully mix the wort. Once that's settled and boiling, add your first set of hops. These are used primarily for bittering the beer. Boil for about an hour, then during the last 5 minutes add a second helping of hops; they'll add a nice aroma to the beer. Hops are also a natural preservative, making them a very important part of the beer.
Left: Steeping the grains. Below: The wort boils intensely as we pour in the malted barley extract.
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